From rudolfdiesel at netzero.net Fri Feb 1 08:13:43 2008 From: rudolfdiesel at netzero.net (rudolfdiesel at netzero.net) Date: Fri, 1 Feb 2008 13:13:43 GMT Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Honda's Diesel Accord Message-ID: <20080201.081343.26501.1@webmail09.dca.untd.com> Thanks for the research! It was a rhetorical question! -Rich Cregar _____________________________________________________________ Click for your daily horoscope, learn about money, love & family. http://thirdpartyoffers.netzero.net/TGL2221/fc/Ioyw6i4suW4x2faEvrWOUzLs1IURoK6t20qDXqY5ijicfb5Ju3ct6V/ From bonitz at cleanenergy.org Fri Feb 1 12:57:46 2008 From: bonitz at cleanenergy.org (John Bonitz) Date: Fri, 01 Feb 2008 12:57:46 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Another path to sustainability of biofuels Message-ID: Friends of biofuels, For those of us interested in production of alternative fuels, much debate is focused on how much can be harvested without doing too much damage. The following paper proposes a fundamental paradigm shift: "The scientific debate should be focused on how to design integrated agricultural biomass-bioenergy systems that build soil quality and increase productivity so that both food and bioenergy crops can be sustainably harvested." This very interesting paper outlines a vision of carbon sequestration using charred biomass. This article was published online a few days ago. I have enclosed the citation and abstract. Those interested in the full text of the article may find it online here: http://agron.scijournals.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/178 Sincerely, John Bonitz, Farm Outreach & Policy Advocate Southern Alliance for Clean Energy PO Box 1833, Pittsboro, NC 27312 Phone: 919-545-2920 Mobile: 919-360-2492 bonitz at cleanenergy.org Southern Alliance for Clean Energy promotes responsible energy choices that create global warming solutions and ensure clean, safe, and healthy communities throughout the Southeast. Learn more at http://www.cleanenergy.org. Laird, D.A. (2008) The Charcoal Vision: A Win?VWin?VWin Scenario for Simultaneously Producing Bioenergy, Permanently Sequestering Carbon, while Improving Soil and Water Quality Agron J 2008 100: 178?V181. Abstract: Processing biomass through a distributed network of fast pyrolyzers may be a sustainable platform for producing energy from biomass. Fast pyrolyzers thermally transform biomass into bio-oil, syngas, and charcoal. The syngas could provide the energy needs of the pyrolyzer. Bio-oil is an energy raw material (??17 MJ kg-1) that can be burned to generate heat or shipped to a refinery for processing into transportation fuels. Charcoal could also be used to generate energy; however, application of the charcoal co-product to soils may be key to sustainability. Application of charcoal to soils is hypothesized to increase bioavailable water, build soil organic matter, enhance nutrient cycling, lower bulk density, act as a liming agent, and reduce leaching of pesticides and nutrients to surface and ground water. The half-life of C in soil charcoal is in excess of 1000 yr. Hence, soil-applied charcoal will make both a lasting contribution to soil quality and C in the charcoal will be removed from the atmosphere and sequestered for millennia. Assuming the United States can annually produce 1.1 ?? 109 Mg of biomass from harvestable forest and crop lands, national implementation of The Charcoal Vision would generate enough bio-oil to displace 1.91 billion barrels of fossil fuel oil per year or about 25% of the current U.S. annual oil consumption. The combined C credit for fossil fuel displacement and permanent sequestration, 363 Tg per year, is 10% of the average annual U.S. emissions of CO 2?VC. From kcfoxie at gmail.com Sun Feb 3 23:30:27 2008 From: kcfoxie at gmail.com (Chris Browder) Date: Sun, 3 Feb 2008 23:30:27 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Help with Jeep Liberty CRD Message-ID: <154CE181-D03B-4762-B304-B0CF01BB676D@gmail.com> Hi Guys, I know some of you out there have these little buggers. I have a simple question. B100 or D2, whats the average you get per tank in miles? not MPG, but MPT -- miles per tank. My spouse is considering a CRD Liberty to replace the 2.5L Jetta. I remember seeing 450 miles per tank, leading me to think it has a 16 to 18 gallon tank. His concern is that the vehicle won't get any better economy of the Jetta, which has been about 24MPG//320 miles to a tank. If anyone can give me some insight it might make us a total diesel household, and hopefully a total Biodiesel household! Thanks, Chris From oldbugguts at yahoo.com Tue Feb 5 12:53:19 2008 From: oldbugguts at yahoo.com (j killeen) Date: Tue, 5 Feb 2008 09:53:19 -0800 (PST) Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] 1980 MB 300SD FS In-Reply-To: <644875.19468.qm@web50804.mail.re2.yahoo.com> Message-ID: <878832.19501.qm@web52601.mail.re2.yahoo.com> Greetings, co-op folks. I am selling my 1980 Mercedes 300sd. I've had it for a bit over two years and have bonded with it considerably but as is the way so often, we must part. I have become a walker. His name is Jacques. The details: He has an automatic transmission that is original to the vehicle. It is working fine currently and can be estimated to have 300k on it. The engine was replaced when the car had about 100k on it. I wasn't there for this replacement, it happened under the watch of the original owner and so I cannot say what the cause was. This engine is running beautifully and now has around 200k miles on it. Jacques is cosmetically disadvantaged, however. The interior is ready for an overhaul, though it is still quite comfy. (I've taken long-ish trips around the Carolinas and been glad for the car's one-time poshness.) The seals for most of the windows need replacement. I have replaced the rear window seal and the windshield gasket is in the trunk waiting to be installed. Because of the poor gaskets, Jacques has some rust, mainly in the spare tire well. He needs a paintjob. I have had the control arms replaced and a new starter installed last spring. I hope to find someone who would take him on to restore his considerable charms, he's a beautiful car at heart. Asking $800. Sincerely, John Killeen ____________________________________________________________________________________ Looking for last minute shopping deals? Find them fast with Yahoo! Search. http://tools.search.yahoo.com/newsearch/category.php?category=shopping From sjhr2000 at mailcan.com Thu Feb 7 11:54:29 2008 From: sjhr2000 at mailcan.com (Steve Rankin) Date: Thu, 07 Feb 2008 11:54:29 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] the oil companies sound a bit concerned that consumption is down Message-ID: <1202403269.7700.1235626209@webmail.messagingengine.com> http://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN0628259020080206?feedType=RSS&feedName=domesticNews&sp=true&rpc=92 -- Steve J. Rankin sjhr2000 at mailcan.com From bonitz at cleanenergy.org Thu Feb 7 17:50:04 2008 From: bonitz at cleanenergy.org (John Bonitz) Date: Thu, 07 Feb 2008 17:50:04 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NCSU, RTI International share in biofuels grant Message-ID: NCSU, RTI International share in biofuels grant http://www.bizjournals.com/triangle/stories/2008/01/28/daily46.html Triangle Business Journal, Friday, February 1, 2008 A team that includes researchers from North Carolina State University and RTI International has gotten a three-year, $3.2 million federal grant to study biofuels. NCSU said in a statement that the Department of Energy has given the money to the team, which also includes researchers from the University of Utah, to figure out a cheap, viable way to produce liquid fuels from products such as wood waste and sawdust. The idea is to see whether biofuels can be made on a mass scale more cheaply than ethanol, an alternative fuel made from corn that's backed by heavy government subsidies. Researchers from the two universities and RTI, a nonprofit based in Research Triangle Park, will study how to break down organic mass into a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The goal is to turn that gas into liquid fuel, the researchers say. From marc at carolinabiofuels.org Fri Feb 8 09:51:29 2008 From: marc at carolinabiofuels.org (Marc Dreyfors) Date: Fri, 08 Feb 2008 09:51:29 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NYTimes.com: Studies Deem Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat Message-ID: <47AC6C71.4010703@carolinabiofuels.org> Two new studies by conservation scientists looking at land conversion, CO2 emissions and commodity pricing relationship. The New York Times E-mail This *This page was sent to you by: * mdreyfors at yahoo.com *SCIENCE / ENVIRONMENT * | February 8, 2008 * Studies Deem Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat * By ELISABETH ROSENTHAL The full emissions costs of producing biofuels are higher than those linked to the production of conventional fuels, scientists said. Most E-mailed 1. Diabetes Study Partially Halted After Deaths 2. Vital Signs: Symptoms: Metabolic Syndrome Is Tied to Diet Soda 3. Well: Coping With the Caveman in the Crib 4. Op-Ed Columnist: Who Is More Electable? 5. Fashion Diary: The Vanishing Point ? Go to Complete List Copyright 2008 The New York Times Company | Privacy Policy From john.bonitz at gmail.com Fri Feb 8 15:14:08 2008 From: john.bonitz at gmail.com (John Bonitz) Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2008 15:14:08 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat Message-ID: <84a57a420802081214h4ad8bfdcle80da7ff4d9b8574@mail.gmail.com> posted on behalf of Will Mackin ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: "Will Mackin" To: "BIG" Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2008 14:31:53 -0500 Subject: RE: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NYTimes.com: Studies Deem Biofuels aGreenhouse Threat It's frustrating because they send out conclusions from articles we can't read without paying $100 to be a Science member or being at a member institution. If you read the Crutzen paper from last year or other papers against biofuels (so far), they use the most pessimistic numbers and leave out sidestreams (like food products after the fermentation or crushing process) from all their equations. I agree that nitrous oxide emissions from farmland are a huge problem, but whether we use the crops for biofuels or not is not going to change the amount of nitrous oxide emissions put out from those farms. So let's try to fix one problem at a time. No one has ever given the carbon calculations for former farmland that is turned into McMansion neighborhoods or strip malls, but that's what's happening to all of our farmland. It's not be overtaken for use as biofuels producing land. And while I'm going off, the descendants of farmers who are cashing in on their parents' farms and selling to developers were given farm subsidies for many years, so my ears are deaf to their arguments about doing whatever they want with "their" land. Pay Uncle Sam back for all those farm subsidies and maybe you can do "whatever you want" with your land. Or, keep farming it or let it become forest. Those are the two best options for the world. Fed up in Elon -----Original Message----- From: biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net [mailto:biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net] On Behalf Of Marc Dreyfors Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 9:51 AM To: BIG Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NYTimes.com: Studies Deem Biofuels aGreenhouse Threat Two new studies by conservation scientists looking at land conversion, CO2 emissions and commodity pricing relationship. The New York Times E-mail This *This page was sent to you by: * mdreyfors at yahoo.com *SCIENCE / ENVIRONMENT * | February 8, 2008 * Studies Deem Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat * By ELISABETH ROSENTHAL The full emissions costs of producing biofuels are higher than those linked to the production of conventional fuels, scientists said. Most E-mailed 1. Diabetes Study Partially Halted After Deaths 2. Vital Signs: Symptoms: Metabolic Syndrome Is Tied to Diet Soda 3. Well: Coping With the Caveman in the Crib 4. Op-Ed Columnist: Who Is More Electable? 5. Fashion Diary: The Vanishing Point > Go to Complete List Copyright 2008 The New York Times Company | Privacy Policy -- John Bonitz Silk Hope, NC ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ From Cheryl.Ganter at pgnmail.com Fri Feb 8 15:32:03 2008 From: Cheryl.Ganter at pgnmail.com (Ganter, Cheryl) Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2008 15:32:03 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat In-Reply-To: <84a57a420802081214h4ad8bfdcle80da7ff4d9b8574@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <8F00D186F7D47B4BAB1E0C9C11D134BC01B407FB@NT000836.oak.zone1.progress-energy.com> I totally agree. Let them do a comparison of 100 acres of farmland vs 100 acres of subdivision and see who wins in total CO2 output... Cheryl -----Original Message----- From: biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net [mailto:biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net] On Behalf Of John Bonitz Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 3:14 PM To: BIG; Will Mackin; Will Mackin Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat posted on behalf of Will Mackin ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: "Will Mackin" To: "BIG" Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2008 14:31:53 -0500 Subject: RE: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NYTimes.com: Studies Deem Biofuels aGreenhouse Threat It's frustrating because they send out conclusions from articles we can't read without paying $100 to be a Science member or being at a member institution. If you read the Crutzen paper from last year or other papers against biofuels (so far), they use the most pessimistic numbers and leave out sidestreams (like food products after the fermentation or crushing process) from all their equations. I agree that nitrous oxide emissions from farmland are a huge problem, but whether we use the crops for biofuels or not is not going to change the amount of nitrous oxide emissions put out from those farms. So let's try to fix one problem at a time. No one has ever given the carbon calculations for former farmland that is turned into McMansion neighborhoods or strip malls, but that's what's happening to all of our farmland. It's not be overtaken for use as biofuels producing land. And while I'm going off, the descendants of farmers who are cashing in on their parents' farms and selling to developers were given farm subsidies for many years, so my ears are deaf to their arguments about doing whatever they want with "their" land. Pay Uncle Sam back for all those farm subsidies and maybe you can do "whatever you want" with your land. Or, keep farming it or let it become forest. Those are the two best options for the world. Fed up in Elon -----Original Message----- From: biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net [mailto:biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net] On Behalf Of Marc Dreyfors Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 9:51 AM To: BIG Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NYTimes.com: Studies Deem Biofuels aGreenhouse Threat Two new studies by conservation scientists looking at land conversion, CO2 emissions and commodity pricing relationship. The New York Times E-mail This *This page was sent to you by: * mdreyfors at yahoo.com *SCIENCE / ENVIRONMENT * | February 8, 2008 * Studies Deem Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat * By ELISABETH ROSENTHAL The full emissions costs of producing biofuels are higher than those linked to the production of conventional fuels, scientists said. Most E-mailed 1. Diabetes Study Partially Halted After Deaths 2. Vital Signs: Symptoms: Metabolic Syndrome Is Tied to Diet Soda 3. Well: Coping With the Caveman in the Crib 4. Op-Ed Columnist: Who Is More Electable? 5. Fashion Diary: The Vanishing Point > Go to Complete List Copyright 2008 The New York Times Company | Privacy Policy -- John Bonitz Silk Hope, NC ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _______________________________________________ Biofuels_Interest_Group mailing list Biofuels_Interest_Group at lists.emji.net http://lists.emji.net/mailman/listinfo/biofuels_interest_group From info at theforestfoundation.org Fri Feb 8 18:01:51 2008 From: info at theforestfoundation.org (Info -TFF) Date: Fri, 08 Feb 2008 18:01:51 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat In-Reply-To: <8F00D186F7D47B4BAB1E0C9C11D134BC01B407FB@NT000836.oak.zone1.progress-energy.com> References: <8F00D186F7D47B4BAB1E0C9C11D134BC01B407FB@NT000836.oak.zone1.progress-energy.com> Message-ID: <47ACDF5F.40009@theforestfoundation.org> Hey Everyone, I believe the calculation may be more complicated than would first appear. Primary tropical ecosystem conversion, which is their major gripe (huge surge in deforestation in the Amazon and SE Asia this last year thanks to skyrocketing commodities), may be by a factor of 10 more significant CO2 emitter than say conversion of upland secondary pine forests of NC to biofuels. Soils, temperature, and a host of other variables come to play. Ultimately, the best thing we can do to reduce CO2 is stop eating meat. Marc Ganter, Cheryl wrote: > I totally agree. Let them do a comparison of 100 acres of farmland vs > 100 acres of subdivision and see who wins in > total CO2 output... > > Cheryl > > > > -----Original Message----- > From: biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net > [mailto:biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net] On Behalf Of > John Bonitz > Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 3:14 PM > To: BIG; Will Mackin; Will Mackin > Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat > > > posted on behalf of Will Mackin > > ---------- Forwarded message ---------- > From: "Will Mackin" > To: "BIG" > Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2008 14:31:53 -0500 > Subject: RE: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NYTimes.com: Studies Deem > Biofuels aGreenhouse Threat > It's frustrating because they send out conclusions from articles we > can't read without paying $100 to be a Science member or being at a > member institution. > > If you read the Crutzen paper from last year or other papers against > biofuels (so far), they use the most pessimistic numbers and leave out > sidestreams (like food products after the fermentation or crushing > process) from all their equations. > > I agree that nitrous oxide emissions from farmland are a huge problem, > but whether we use the crops for biofuels or not is not going to change > the amount of nitrous oxide emissions put out from those farms. So let's > try to fix one problem at a time. > > No one has ever given the carbon calculations for former farmland that > is turned into McMansion neighborhoods or strip malls, but that's what's > happening to all of our farmland. It's not be overtaken for use as > biofuels producing land. > > And while I'm going off, the descendants of farmers who are cashing in > on their parents' farms and selling to developers were given farm > subsidies for many years, so my ears are deaf to their arguments about > doing whatever they want with "their" land. Pay Uncle Sam back for all > those farm subsidies and maybe you can do "whatever you want" with your > land. Or, keep farming it or let it become forest. Those are the two > best options for the world. > > Fed up in Elon > > > -----Original Message----- > From: biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net > [mailto:biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net] On Behalf Of > Marc Dreyfors > Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 9:51 AM > To: BIG > Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NYTimes.com: Studies Deem Biofuels > aGreenhouse Threat > > Two new studies by conservation scientists looking at land conversion, > CO2 emissions and commodity pricing relationship. > > > The New York Times E-mail This > *This page was sent to you by: * mdreyfors at yahoo.com > > *SCIENCE / ENVIRONMENT * | February 8, 2008 > * Studies Deem Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat > 3138000&en=66d0030c0b190f67&ei=5070&emc=eta1>* > > By ELISABETH ROSENTHAL > The full emissions costs of producing biofuels are higher than those > linked to the production of conventional fuels, scientists said. > > > > Most E-mailed > 1. Diabetes Study Partially Halted After Deaths > en=9004e731948f17e7&ei=5070&emc=eta1> > > 2. Vital Signs: Symptoms: Metabolic Syndrome Is Tied to Diet Soda > 38000&en=b3bdea779b70cd32&ei=5070&emc=eta1> > > 3. Well: Coping With the Caveman in the Crib > 6f9fc1d427b30e9&ei=5070&emc=eta1> > > 4. Op-Ed Columnist: Who Is More Electable? > en=23c52b58747b0ce8&ei=5070&emc=eta1> > > 5. Fashion Diary: The Vanishing Point > 000&en=42b41bfecfb61af5&ei=5070&emc=eta1> > > > >> Go to Complete List >> > > > Copyright 2008 > The New > York Times Company | Privacy Policy > > > > From john.bonitz at gmail.com Fri Feb 8 20:26:47 2008 From: john.bonitz at gmail.com (John Bonitz) Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2008 20:26:47 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat In-Reply-To: <47ACDF5F.40009@theforestfoundation.org> References: <8F00D186F7D47B4BAB1E0C9C11D134BC01B407FB@NT000836.oak.zone1.progress-energy.com> <47ACDF5F.40009@theforestfoundation.org> Message-ID: <84a57a420802081726v7754a035vc8420310fdcab6b8@mail.gmail.com> Marc makes a good point: I'm a meat-eater and I support his assertion. My hypocrisy aside, it's probably true that human consumption of meat is a larger problem than biofuels. The recent run-up in corn, soy, wheat commodities is because of new demand from developing countries that are gaining prosperity. Millions and millions more people -- especially in Asia -- are hungry for meat and the grain that feeds it. It takes, what, 10 pounds of grain to yield 1 pound of meat? So it's easy to imagine the massive increase of demand for grain if 100 million more meat-eaters joined us at the table. Say they each ate 100 lbs of meat per year. That's 100 billion more pounds of grain demanded in the world. New demand! And let's not forget that the value of the US Dollar has shrunk over the same period, so corn (aka maize) is actually MORE valuable than the $3 to 4 per bushel we're now seeing. That means the prices paid to farmers in developing nations makes it extremely appealing. ...very interesting... On Feb 8, 2008 6:01 PM, Info -TFF wrote: > Hey Everyone, > > I believe the calculation may be more complicated than would first > appear. Primary tropical ecosystem conversion, which is their major > gripe (huge surge in deforestation in the Amazon and SE Asia this last > year thanks to skyrocketing commodities), may be by a factor of 10 more > significant CO2 emitter than say conversion of upland secondary pine > forests of NC to biofuels. Soils, temperature, and a host of other > variables come to play. > > Ultimately, the best thing we can do to reduce CO2 is stop eating meat. > > Marc > > Ganter, Cheryl wrote: > > I totally agree. Let them do a comparison of 100 acres of farmland vs > > 100 acres of subdivision and see who wins in > > total CO2 output... > > > > Cheryl > > > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net > > [mailto:biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net] On Behalf Of > > John Bonitz > > Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 3:14 PM > > To: BIG; Will Mackin; Will Mackin > > Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat > > > > > > posted on behalf of Will Mackin > > > > ---------- Forwarded message ---------- > > From: "Will Mackin" > > To: "BIG" > > Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2008 14:31:53 -0500 > > Subject: RE: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NYTimes.com: Studies Deem > > Biofuels aGreenhouse Threat > > It's frustrating because they send out conclusions from articles we > > can't read without paying $100 to be a Science member or being at a > > member institution. > > > > If you read the Crutzen paper from last year or other papers against > > biofuels (so far), they use the most pessimistic numbers and leave out > > sidestreams (like food products after the fermentation or crushing > > process) from all their equations. > > > > I agree that nitrous oxide emissions from farmland are a huge problem, > > but whether we use the crops for biofuels or not is not going to change > > the amount of nitrous oxide emissions put out from those farms. So let's > > try to fix one problem at a time. > > > > No one has ever given the carbon calculations for former farmland that > > is turned into McMansion neighborhoods or strip malls, but that's what's > > happening to all of our farmland. It's not be overtaken for use as > > biofuels producing land. > > > > And while I'm going off, the descendants of farmers who are cashing in > > on their parents' farms and selling to developers were given farm > > subsidies for many years, so my ears are deaf to their arguments about > > doing whatever they want with "their" land. Pay Uncle Sam back for all > > those farm subsidies and maybe you can do "whatever you want" with your > > land. Or, keep farming it or let it become forest. Those are the two > > best options for the world. > > > > Fed up in Elon > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net > > [mailto:biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net] On Behalf Of > > Marc Dreyfors > > Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 9:51 AM > > To: BIG > > Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NYTimes.com: Studies Deem Biofuels > > aGreenhouse Threat > > > > Two new studies by conservation scientists looking at land conversion, > > CO2 emissions and commodity pricing relationship. > > > > > > The New York Times E-mail This > > *This page was sent to you by: * mdreyfors at yahoo.com > > > > *SCIENCE / ENVIRONMENT * | February 8, 2008 > > * Studies Deem Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat > > > 3138000&en=66d0030c0b190f67&ei=5070&emc=eta1>* > > > > By ELISABETH ROSENTHAL > > The full emissions costs of producing biofuels are higher than those > > linked to the production of conventional fuels, scientists said. > > > > > > > > Most E-mailed > > 1. Diabetes Study Partially Halted After Deaths > > > en=9004e731948f17e7&ei=5070&emc=eta1> > > > > 2. Vital Signs: Symptoms: Metabolic Syndrome Is Tied to Diet Soda > > > 38000&en=b3bdea779b70cd32&ei=5070&emc=eta1> > > > > 3. Well: Coping With the Caveman in the Crib > > > 6f9fc1d427b30e9&ei=5070&emc=eta1> > > > > 4. Op-Ed Columnist: Who Is More Electable? > > > en=23c52b58747b0ce8&ei=5070&emc=eta1> > > > > 5. Fashion Diary: The Vanishing Point > > > 000&en=42b41bfecfb61af5&ei=5070&emc=eta1> > > > > > > > >> Go to Complete List > >> > > > > > > Copyright 2008 > > The New > > York Times Company | Privacy Policy > > > > > > > > > -- John Bonitz Silk Hope, NC ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ From rkunst at humancomp.org Sat Feb 9 22:11:16 2008 From: rkunst at humancomp.org (Richard Kunst) Date: Sat, 9 Feb 2008 22:11:16 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Help with Jeep Liberty CRD Message-ID: <102e01c86b92$9a57c620$cf075260$@org> Chris Browder on Sunday, February 03, 2008 inquired: > B100 or D2, what's the average you get per tank in > miles? not MPG, but MPT -- miles per tank. My spouse is considering a > CRD Liberty to replace the 2.5L Jetta. I remember seeing 450 miles per > tank, leading me to think it has a 16 to 18 gallon tank. His concern > is that the vehicle won't get any better economy of the Jetta, which > has been about 24MPG//320 miles to a tank. The Liberty has a 20.5 gallon fuel tank. It's hard to say exactly what the MPT is, since I don?t fill it to the brim with a meter running and no one goes until the fuel completely runs dry. But at my typical mileage of 24 MPG, an MPT of 450-480 sounds about right. But a range before stopping to adding fuel of about 400-425 miles would be more accurate. Rick Kunst P.S. How come the Jetta gets such low mileage? From taterpatch at gmail.com Sun Feb 10 10:02:57 2008 From: taterpatch at gmail.com (Randall Hayes) Date: Sun, 10 Feb 2008 10:02:57 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Biofuels Postdoc Message-ID: <63311b250802100702j56245d4fl864c59dfb1062657@mail.gmail.com> Possibly of interest to you or someone you know. -rh Title: Post-Doctoral Research Associate, Biological Sciences Dept: Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Design and the College of Engineering through the Department of Civil, Architectural & Agricultural Engineering Position Number: 9280 Department/Program Overview: The Biological Engineering program is jointly administered through the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design (NRED) and the College of Engineering through the Department of Civil, Architectural and Agricultural Engineering (CAAE). The primary objective of the biological engineering program is to provide integrated undergraduate and graduate training in agriculture, biology, conservation of natural resources, environmental sciences, engineering sciences, and engineering design. Primary Duties and Responsibilities: To conduct extensive laboratory experiments in biological conversion processes for the production of liquid fuels and bioproducts from biomass. Furthermore, the candidate needs to have capabilities to perform gene modifications in order to simultaneouly ferment glucose and xylose. The researcher needs a strong background in bioprocess engineering, value added product development, analytical knowledge (GC, HPLC, Calorimeter, and Spectroscopy), modeling and simulation of thermal and biological processes, research design and statistical analysis. Knowledge of models such as ASPEN PLUS and MATLAB is critical for carrying out the above responsibilities. Qualifications: PhD degree in Biochemical Engineering, Biological Engineering or related field is required. Prior experience with recombinant DNA technology, metabolic engineering and bioreactor systems is required. Application Procedure: Interested applicants must submit an Administrative and Faculty Employment Application (found at http://facultypages.ncat.edu/hr), a current resume, transcript(s) and three (3) letters of recommendation to: Dr. A. Shahbazi, Program Director Biological Engineering Program North Carolina A&T State University 1601 E. Market Street, Sockwell Hall Greensboro, NC 27411 Salary: $50,000 Deadline for accepting applications: March 5, 2008 Position Available: March, 2008 From wmackin at elon.edu Fri Feb 8 14:31:53 2008 From: wmackin at elon.edu (Will Mackin) Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2008 14:31:53 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NYTimes.com: Studies Deem Biofuels aGreenhouse Threat In-Reply-To: <47AC6C71.4010703@carolinabiofuels.org> References: <47AC6C71.4010703@carolinabiofuels.org> Message-ID: <7D49DDEA5C85D74DB7983AAC7DC05E9F04B69A5C@EV02.elon.edu> It's frustrating because they send out conclusions from articles we can't read without paying $100 to be a Science member or being at a member institution. If you read the Crutzen paper from last year or other papers against biofuels (so far), they use the most pessimistic numbers and leave out sidestreams (like food products after the fermentation or crushing process) from all their equations. I agree that nitrous oxide emissions from farmland are a huge problem, but whether we use the crops for biofuels or not is not going to change the amount of nitrous oxide emissions put out from those farms. So let's try to fix one problem at a time. No one has ever given the carbon calculations for former farmland that is turned into McMansion neighborhoods or strip malls, but that's what's happening to all of our farmland. It's not be overtaken for use as biofuels producing land. And while I'm going off, the descendants of farmers who are cashing in on their parents' farms and selling to developers were given farm subsidies for many years, so my ears are deaf to their arguments about doing whatever they want with "their" land. Pay Uncle Sam back for all those farm subsidies and maybe you can do "whatever you want" with your land. Or, keep farming it or let it become forest. Those are the two best options for the world. Fed up in Elon -----Original Message----- From: biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net [mailto:biofuels_interest_group-bounces at lists.emji.net] On Behalf Of Marc Dreyfors Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 9:51 AM To: BIG Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NYTimes.com: Studies Deem Biofuels aGreenhouse Threat Two new studies by conservation scientists looking at land conversion, CO2 emissions and commodity pricing relationship. The New York Times E-mail This *This page was sent to you by: * mdreyfors at yahoo.com *SCIENCE / ENVIRONMENT * | February 8, 2008 * Studies Deem Biofuels a Greenhouse Threat * By ELISABETH ROSENTHAL The full emissions costs of producing biofuels are higher than those linked to the production of conventional fuels, scientists said. Most E-mailed 1. Diabetes Study Partially Halted After Deaths 2. Vital Signs: Symptoms: Metabolic Syndrome Is Tied to Diet Soda 3. Well: Coping With the Caveman in the Crib 4. Op-Ed Columnist: Who Is More Electable? 5. Fashion Diary: The Vanishing Point > Go to Complete List Copyright 2008 The New York Times Company | Privacy Policy _______________________________________________ Biofuels_Interest_Group mailing list Biofuels_Interest_Group at lists.emji.net http://lists.emji.net/mailman/listinfo/biofuels_interest_group From bonitz at cleanenergy.org Mon Feb 11 15:14:51 2008 From: bonitz at cleanenergy.org (John Bonitz) Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2008 15:14:51 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] OFF TOPIC: N&O OpEd - Onshore breeze In-Reply-To: Message-ID: http://www.newsobserver.com/opinion/editorials/story/933660.html Onshore breeze Opinion Editorial, 2/9/08 To generate clean energy, North Carolina will have to resolve a clash of two resources -- wind energy and scenic beauty A year ago, the fight over wind power in North Carolina was centered on the high-country ridges of Ashe County. A rematch this year looks to be taking place on the opposite end of the state, in coastal Carteret County. . . . As energy projects go the couple's proposed Golden Wind Farm is a small one: the three turbines would generate 4.5 megawatts, enough to power 900 homes when the wind is blowing. That's not inconsequential but it's way below the 800 megawatt-capacity of Duke Energy's new Cliffside coal-burning unit recently approved by the state. Still, if North Carolina is to find alternatives to Cliffside and its kin, and if it wants to clear the air and battle climate change, sooner or later it must say yes to clean-energy projects like the one proposed in Bettie. . . . Visual impacts should be gauged, but is our aesthetic sense somehow more refined than the Danes'? Or, put another way, would the turbines really be so objectionable? . . . ...assuming that the FAA has no objection, this type of proposal deserves consideration for a green light. ~ ~ ~ John Bonitz, Farm Outreach & Policy Advocate Southern Alliance for Clean Energy PO Box 1833, Pittsboro, NC 27312 Phone: 919-545-2920 Mobile: 919-360-2492 bonitz at cleanenergy.org Southern Alliance for Clean Energy promotes responsible energy choices that create global warming solutions and ensure clean, safe, and healthy communities throughout the Southeast. Learn more at http://www.cleanenergy.org. From bonitz at cleanenergy.org Mon Feb 11 15:16:54 2008 From: bonitz at cleanenergy.org (John Bonitz) Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2008 15:16:54 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] FW: Another excellent response to biofuels headlines In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Dear Friends and Colleagues, Here's another excellent response to the recent biofuels headlines: The National 25x'25 Steering Committee has issued a response to widespread media coverage of studies published by Science magazine last week. While the studies address the potential for increased climate change brought on by the improper use of sensitive lands for the purposes of producing biofuel feedstocks, the 25x'25 response notes that the coverage fails to recognize the significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that can be realized from second generation biofuels and feedstocks. The response, a formal statement being distributed to all 25x'25 partners and to the 25x'25 media list, says there are major shortcomings in the mainstream media coverage of the studies, and cites important points that need to be considered in subsequent discussions of this important and complex issue: * Rapidly advancing technology is making existing cropland even more productive, negating need to encroach on sensitive lands. * Current biofuels serve as the foundation as research continues to develop a new generation of renewable fuels that will minimize land-use changes and improve the environment. * While it is important to examine changes in land-use, it is a complex issue that involves other factors, such as urban sprawl, that contribute to stress on vulnerable areas. * Biofuels are a much cleaner and more available alternative to a finite, rapidly depleting supply of fossil fuels. A copy of the 25x'25 response to the Science studies media coverage can be found at http://www.25x25.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=379&Itemid=57 Contact: Ernie Shea, 25x'25 Project Coordinator, 410-252-7079/eshea at 25x25.org. Here's the best part of their full response: The studies cited by Science and subsequent media reports underscore the importance of understanding all land-use changes taking place around the globe and the need to develop strategies that combat climate change. We believe that the issue of land-use change should be dealt with in all of its complexity, taking into account other factors, including the ongoing growth of the world's population, expanding demand for food resulting from improved incomes in developing countries, and urban sprawl. ~ ~ ~ John Bonitz, Farm Outreach & Policy Advocate Southern Alliance for Clean Energy PO Box 1833, Pittsboro, NC 27312 Phone: 919-545-2920 Mobile: 919-360-2492 bonitz at cleanenergy.org Southern Alliance for Clean Energy promotes responsible energy choices that create global warming solutions and ensure clean, safe, and healthy communities throughout the Southeast. Learn more at http://www.cleanenergy.org. ------ End of Forwarded Message From wrenchwench at blast.com Mon Feb 11 17:07:21 2008 From: wrenchwench at blast.com (Rachel Burton) Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2008 17:07:21 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] State's biodiesel industry lagging Message-ID: <7146D4DF-2EE6-4264-A435-DD5FEC597DF1@blast.com> By S. Heather Duncan - hduncan at macon.com Georgia's fledgling biodiesel industry is struggling in the face of the skyrocketing price of oils used to make the fuel, mostly soybean oil and chicken fat. Middle Georgia has positioned itself as a hub for cleaner-burning fuels, and six new production plants have been announced in the region during the past two years. But some of these companies are now pinched by record prices, and they say Georgia isn't doing enough to support the industry. Biodiesel producers nationwide that use soybean oil have been hit particularly hard, said Amber Thurlo Pearson with the National Biodiesel Board. Three-fourths of biodiesel produced in the U.S. comes from soybeans, she said. "Unfortunately for some (producers), they're having a hard time running the plant, especially if they were just opening," she said. Macon-based Alterra Bioenergy is in this position. It was building two plants at once, in Gordon and Plains. A year after being announced, the Plains refinery still hasn't gone into production, and the company is trying to restructure its business plan. "(Biodiesel producers) are shutting down and going bankrupt every day," said Lisa Ryan, vice president of Alterra and chairman of the producer's committee of the National Biodiesel Board. She said her company isn't in such dire straits yet, but it has been forced to restrict its production to conserve funding. Pearson said many plants closed or stopped producing last year, but in recent months some are restarting. Many of them will compare notes on their approach to the tough market at the National Biodiesel Expo starting Sunday in Orlando. Dan Young, a partner in Dublin-based Middle Georgia Biofuels who also acts as a consultant for potential biodiesel ventures, said he has seen some companies rush into the new industry too fast, only to be floored by the competition for feedstocks. "The industry is literally changing on a weekly basis," he said. "You have plants that started a year or year and a half ago coming online with soybean oil, and now 20-million-gallon ... even 80-million- gallon-a-year plants aren't running because they can't afford to make biodiesel for the domestic market." Pearson said the demand for scarce feedstocks is only going to increase, because the federal energy bill passed last month requires that 1 billion gallons of biodiesel be sold in the U.S. by 2012. Several Georgia biodiesel refineries rely on chicken fat, which is less expensive than soybean oil. Middle Georgia Biofuels expected to make much more fuel from soybean oil when it opened in 2005, Young said. Instead, it has made almost all its biodiesel from chicken fat. Rome-based U.S. Biofuels, the oldest biodiesel producer in the state, also switched from a soybean-oil mix to only poultry fat, said company President Greg Hopkins. But even chicken fat has climbed in price and become more scarce as biodiesel demand increases. Chicken fat is also bought by the pet food industry, and the poultry industry puts the fat back into chicken feed for an energy boost, Young said. Young recalled that in 2005, chicken fat sold for about 18 cents a pound. Now it's running between 31 cents and 34 cents. That has put a pinch on Middle Georgia Biofuels and caused short supply blips for U.S. Biofuels, their leaders said. U.S. Biofuels has grown despite these pressures, partly because it started with a small production capacity and added slowly, Hopkins said. The company's first refinery produced 3 million gallons of biodiesel a year. It later moved into a larger plant where it can produce 12 million gallons a year. "There were times we expected it to be even bigger, and times we wondered if we'd even make it to the next day," Hopkins said. BOON TO GEORGIA FARMERS? State agricultural experts say high soybean prices are luring many Georgia farmers back to the crop this year. "I'm getting a lot of calls about soybean varieties and production methods," said Ronnie Barentine, extension agent for Pulaski County. He said county farmers planted only about 1,500 acres in soybeans during recent years, but that might double this year. "Some people are saying soybeans could go to $15 to $20 a bushel," he said - three or four times the price a few years ago. Laurens County is one of the largest soybean producers in Middle Georgia, with 10,00 to 11,000 acres in 2007, said extension agent Raymond Joyce. "These prices have created some optimism, which has been good after so many drought years," he said. Last year, Georgia farmers harvested 275,000 acres of soybeans, and that number is expected to climb, said Nathan Smith, an agricultural economist for the University of Georgia at Tifton. Smith did not attribute rising prices to the biodiesel industry, pointing instead to growing demand for vegetable oils. China and India are using more, he said, and the soybean supply dropped last year as many farmers switched acreage to corn for ethanol. But Pearson and other industry watchers say biodiesel is partly behind the high prices. And Smith said, "Basically it's a bidding game now between soybean oil and corn," both food crops used to produce alternative fuels. SOLUTIONS FOR PRODUCERS Ryan, with Alterra, expressed frustration that Georgia lags behind surrounding states in legislation to promote biodiesel use. She said Gov. Sonny Perdue has offered only "lip service" to the industry. "He has done nothing to help us in this crunch time," she said. However, Ryan expressed some hope after attending a meeting Thursday at which Rep. Charlice Byrd, R-Woodstock, said she planned to introduce legislation to help the biofuels industry. Byrd did introduce a bill Friday, which has not yet been assigned a bill number, calling for the creation of a Georgia Innovation Center. The center and its appointed director would supervise a state-backed venture capital fund for startup companies exploiting biotechnology. "When I attended the Bio International Convention 2007 in Boston, the (Massachusetts) governor committed $1 billion" to life sciences research, Byrd said. "Unless Georgia starts taking some steps, we're in danger of falling off the radar." Byrd said she also plans to introduce a bill giving tax credits to life science industries. The Carolinas and Tennessee are regional leaders in offering biodiesel incentives and tax breaks for producing the fuel and installing distribution or retail facilities. Florida and Virginia also offer more than Georgia. Perdue signed a law last year setting up a Georgia sales tax exemption for materials used to build new biodiesel plants and infrastructure. "Gov. Perdue believes the best way to support the biodiesel industry in Georgia is to create the most business-friendly environment possible," said Perdue spokesman Marshall Guest. "That includes cutting red tape and allowing these businesses to get up and running as quickly as possible." But biodiesel experts say other measures are needed. Nationally, Pearson said it's crucial that a tax credit for biodiesel blenders be extended. It's set to expire at the end of 2008. Hopkins said he'd like to see a federal requirement that all diesel fuel contain some biodiesel. Short of that, he and Ryan said the state should enact a similar mandate requiring 2 percent biodiesel. Ryan said subsidies or incentives to biodiesel producers, distributors, retailers or users would also help. "It's going to take legislators coming together to say: 'This is what's good for our state. We need to make it work,' " Ryan said. Sen. Ross Tolleson, R-Perry, said he plans to meet with officials from the Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority soon to brainstorm ways to help the biodiesel industry flourish. They will look at ways to get biodiesel to the consumer and possibilities such as tax credits and biodiesel blend mandates, he said. "I would hope we could get some legislation this session," said Tolleson, who chairs the Senate Natural Resources and the Environment Committee. Meanwhile, the industry is exploring immediate alternatives. These might include marketing biodiesel as an additive or shipping it overseas, Young said. Hopkins said Europe requires greater biodiesel use than the United States, and biodiesel can better compete with high diesel prices there. All his company's biodiesel is sold in Europe, mostly the United Kingdom. Alternately, cheaper European oil crops could be imported to U.S. biodiesel refineries as feedstocks. "One positive thing about all this is that research and development has gone into overdrive to seek an alternative from soy," said Dennis Burnett, alternative fuels manager for Perry-based distributor Davis Oil Co. Guest said Perdue backed a successful 2006 bill to pay for research. Georgia universities are working on jatropha and camelina, feedstocks that produce nearly five times as many gallons per acre compared to soybeans, he said. And because they aren't a food source, they're less vulnerable to market forces. Several biodiesel experts said the most promising alternative might be algae, which promises to produce more oil at a lower cost. Plus, the meal left after processing could be used in making ethanol, Hopkins said. Staff writer Mike Billips contributed to this report. To contact writer S. Heather Duncan, call 744-4225. From leif at biofuels.coop Tue Feb 12 13:42:18 2008 From: leif at biofuels.coop (Leif Forer) Date: Tue, 12 Feb 2008 13:42:18 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Biodiesel Conference References: <47B18B57.2CF0.00B9.0@abtech.edu> Message-ID: <2C34FC9E-AFBA-450C-BE95-02F675D1B7DD@biofuels.coop> Register now! Biodiesel Agribusiness Conference March 5th, 2008, 8:30 am - 3:30 PM Johnston Community College Workforce Development Center 135 Bestwood Drive Clayton, NC 27520 The NCCCS BioNetwork and its partners announce the third in a series of conferences on the rapidly developing biodiesel industry in North Carolina. Please join industry experts, educators, investors, suppliers, and others for this important event. Topics to be discussed include: ? Biodiesel 101 ? Feedstock Issues, Prospects and Problems ? Public Policy, Legislation and Incentives ? Existing Feedstock, New Crops & Research ? Biodiesel Quality, Blends & Additives ? Renewable Fuels in Agriculture Registration Fees: ? Attendee-$30 ? Student-$15 ? Vendor/Exhibitor-*$125 * Includes registration fee and lunch for 2 people More information and a registration link can be found here: http://guest.cvent.com/i.aspx?1K,M3,11b9256c-75cf-46bb-9387-2d284671bfff From bonitz at cleanenergy.org Wed Feb 13 13:42:00 2008 From: bonitz at cleanenergy.org (John Bonitz) Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2008 13:42:00 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] FW: National Algae Association Forum, April 10, Texas In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Forwarded for your information. I only recently heard of this organization forming. I will probably not be able to attend, but would be intrigued to hear from folks who do. Sincerely, ~ ~ ~ John Bonitz, Farm Outreach & Policy Advocate Southern Alliance for Clean Energy PO Box 1833, Pittsboro, NC 27312 Phone: 919-545-2920 Mobile: 919-360-2492 bonitz at cleanenergy.org ------ Forwarded Message From: barry cohen Reply-To: Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2008 10:32:30 -0500 (EST) To: Subject: National Algae Association National Algae Association Algae: The Next Biofuel Inaugural Algae Commercialization Business Plan and Networking Forum April 10, 2008 www.nationalalgaeassociation.com Algae: The Next Biofuel Algae: The New Oil Early stage algae production algae production companies will showcase their companies at the National Algae Association business plan and networking forum on April 10th. The most promising algae oil production companies will present their new ventures in front of an audience of algae researchers, biodiesel/biofuel companies interested in learning about algae commercialization as well as potential investors and lenders. Deadline for all business plans and white papers must be submitted by March 28, 2008. Business plans and white papers will be reviewed by the executive committee. Only 6 business plans will be picked to present at the National Algae Association quarterly business plan and networking forum. When: April 10, 2008 Time: 8:00am - 5:00pm Where: Training and Development Conference Center 5000 Research Forest Dr., 1st floor The Woodlands, Texas 77381 Cost: $50 admission per person Agenda 8:00 am Registration 9:00 am Opening Remarks 9:15 - 11:30 am Company Business Plan Presentations 11:30 - Noon Speaker Panel 12:15 pm Lunch Service Provider Showcase 1:00 - 3:00 pm Company Business Plan Presentations 3:00 - 3:30 pm Feedback Panel 5:00 - 6:30 pm Networking and Reception Membership: $500 annual dues Introductory Offer 10% off annual membership prior to: March 14, 2008 To support the National Algae Association and become a member, please contact: 936.321.1125 or email us at: info at nationalalgaeassociation.com Make check payable to: National Algae Association 4747 Research Forest Dr., Suite 180 The Woodlands, Texas 77381 Call for Sponsors There are a limited number of sponsorships still available for this exciting event! Sponsorships are offered on a first-come, first serve basis - beginning at $2,500: ? Approximately 100 attendees are expected including algae researchers, early stage algae production companies, investors and lenders ? Emerging Algae Production companies will showcase their companies. ? Only 6 companies will present their business plans, directly to the NAA. ? The NAA will share their insights and advice to early stage algae production companies. ? The Two Most Promising Early Stage Companies will be awarded by the panel and announced to the media. Sponsors receive special benefits based on level ? Sponsor table during event in atrium ? Company logo included on event signage ? Special recognition during opening remarks and closing remarks at the event ? Sponsor logo and description included in the event program brochure ? Complimentary passes for the event for use by your firm and/or guests ? Your marketing materials included in each participant'sregistration kit ? Sponsors can attend the Business Plan Forum and Networking at no cost To stop receiving National Algae Association information, please send an email with "unsubscribe" in the subject line to info at nationalalgaeassociation.com National Algae Association | 4747 Research Forest Dr., Suite 180 | The Woodlands | TX | 77381 ------ End of Forwarded Message From john.bonitz at gmail.com Thu Feb 14 11:52:53 2008 From: john.bonitz at gmail.com (John Bonitz) Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2008 11:52:53 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] (no subject) Message-ID: <84a57a420802140852w640ee2a3pe09284f5c75cb65a@mail.gmail.com> Here's the evidence of my earlier assertion, that hungry people are the cause of increasing grain prices (and land-use changes), moreso than ethanol. Not that ethanol isn't worth criticizing. But we've had decades of un-realistic grain prices (due to subsidies and protectionism), and now that demand is meeting supply we're beginning to see the real prices emerge. IMHO. -- John Bonitz Silk Hope, NC ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Global demand lifts grain prices, gobbles supplies By Sue Kirchhoff and John Waggoner, USA TODAY Feb 12, 2008 WASHINGTON ? Soaring energy costs may be roiling the financial markets, but world governments are also being rattled by a more basic form of inflation: sky-high food prices. Pakistan is stockpiling wheat and using its military to guard flour mills. Indonesian consumers have taken to the streets to protest rising soy prices. Malaysia no longer lets people take sugar, flour or cooking oil out of the country. North Dakota, the top U.S. wheat-producing state, may import from Canada due to tight supplies. The world is facing the most destabilizing bout of food inflation since the "Great Grain Robbery" of the early 1970s when the former Soviet Union bought massive quantities of U.S. grain, sending prices soaring. That episode helped fuel a Farm Belt boom ? and later bust ? as soaring exports soured and record agricultural land prices fell. Soaring demand, rising oil prices and government-mandated biofuel use have sent many commodity prices to their highest levels in history. The impact is hardest in the developing world: The United Nations says increasing prices will make it tougher to meet international goals of reduced hunger. Rising prices are squeezing food aid budgets that were already falling far behind growing need caused by war and increasing weather disasters. Worse, soaring costs are adding to political instability in countries such as Afghanistan, where flour prices are up more than 60% in the past year, and as much as 80% in some areas. The bulls may not be running on Wall Street, but they're charging in the commodities pits. Prices for some varieties of wheat are at an all-time high of more than $16 a bushel on the Minneapolis Grain Exchange. Soybean futures prices have jumped to $13.26 a bushel in Chicago trading, from less than $7.50 a bushel in 2007. Corn, which has averaged about $2.50 per bushel in recent years, is above $5 today. Rice prices have hit records. Palm oil prices, in demand for biofuels production, have risen. The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization food price index jumped nearly 40% in 2007, following a 9% increase the previous year. The driving force behind higher food prices: More people in developing countries are earning more money and living better. And the first step to a better standard of living is a better diet. It's a phenomenon called Engel's law, named after the 19th-century German economist, Ernst Engel. Engel's law says that as incomes increase, people spend a smaller percentage of their incomes on food ? but they also switch from cheaper to more expensive food. Grains make up around 60% of the diet in low-income Asian nations, North Africa and the former Soviet republics. Vegetable oil is about 12% of the diet in Sub-Saharan Africa and about 10% in some Asian and Latin American countries, according to the U.S. Agriculture Department. The vegetable oil share of diets is growing as more processed foods are available in low-income countries. People in developing countries are also starting to eat more meat, and that drives up demand for grains. It takes about eight times as much corn to produce the same number of calories from meat as from bread, says Homi Kharas, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. Surging demand for food and feed has tightened grain stocks. The U.S. Agriculture Department, for example, pegs U.S. wheat stockpiles at the lowest level since shortly after World War II. Farmers are reporting tight supplies of seeds for planting. And, says Bob Lee, manager of Fidelity Select Consumer Staples, planting more grain isn't as easy as it may sound. "There's only so much arable land in the world," Lee says. "It's not just pouring capital at the problem; you have to find appropriate land, too." But higher demand isn't all that's pushing food prices higher: ?Spiraling oil prices. Food needs fertilizer, and to make fertilizer, you need energy. The cost of natural gas, for example, is one of the biggest components in the price of ammonia and potash. While natural gas prices have tumbled from their 2005 highs, the price is still nearly double its 2001 levels. And to get food to market, you need trucks, trains and barges, all of which consume oil and gasoline, which have soared nearly 70% in the past 12 months. . . . Partly because of the U.S. energy bill requiring increased use of corn-based ethanol, farmers have planted less soybeans and wheat. Winter wheat plantings rose 3.6% this year, even with high prices, vs. an expected 8%, according to Merrill Lynch. "We've not really had anything like the situation we've had today," says Bruce Babcock, head of Iowa State University's Center for Agricultural and Rural Development. "The reason why this won't be over as quickly as other price shocks ? is that biofuels mandates are increasing at the same time that countries are being signaled to grow more." . . . But the rising cost of food isn't all bad, says Brookings' Kharas. A better diet in the developing world is a good thing. And because rising food prices have helped farmers in the Third World, fewer people from rural areas are moving into sprawling urban slums. "To a significant degree, this is very good news," Kharas says. The USA isn't expected to relive the crushing double-digit food inflation of the 1970s. Still, food prices last year rose at the fastest pace in 15 years, hitting U.S. companies and consumers even as the economy slowed. Purdue University economist Corinne Alexander says U.S. food inflation could range as high as 6% this year, compared with 2.1% in 2006. From sjhr2000 at mailcan.com Fri Feb 15 10:13:02 2008 From: sjhr2000 at mailcan.com (Steve Rankin) Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2008 10:13:02 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Gasoline demand and tipping points Message-ID: <1203088382.27407.1237071859@webmail.messagingengine.com> http://www.reuters.com/article/blogBurst/investing?type=hotStocksNews&w1=B7ovpm21IaDoL40ZFnNfGe&w2=B7pJeHult9GszE37UXlSpmUm&src=blogBurst_investingNews&bbPostId=BF5xMHvBSdiYCz3dBl6geOisIB8ZLn2BOaHqIB7XMnSGca94G&bbParentWidgetId=B7gSUbux1hpbz8uOa7TWsLnV -- Steve J. Rankin sjhr2000 at mailcan.com From bonitz at cleanenergy.org Mon Feb 18 08:53:37 2008 From: bonitz at cleanenergy.org (John Bonitz) Date: Mon, 18 Feb 2008 08:53:37 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] FW: ILSR response to SCIENCE Ethanol studies In-Reply-To: <20080218082705397.00000004664@solar15> Message-ID: David Morris of the Institute for Local Self-Reliance disputes conclusions of recent anti-ethanol studies. PRESS RELEASE CONTACT: Brooke Gullikson FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Tel. 612-379-3815 Email: bgullikson at ilsr.org NEW ANTI-ETHANOL STUDIES REACH WRONG CONCLUSION ON GREENHOUSE GASES Minneapolis, Minn. (February 15, 2008) ? A new policy brief from the Minneapolis based Institute for Local Self-Reliance (ILSR) criticizes the authors of two recent studies published in Science for advancing a conclusion not supported by their own studies. ?The studies usefully estimate how much carbon will be released when new land is brought into crop production,? says David Morris, ILSR?s Vice President and author of Ethanol and Land Use Changes. ?But the authors? declarations that ethanol increases greenhouse gas emissions, a conclusion that has made headlines around the world, is not supported, and may be contradicted, by their own data.? The report notes that the vast majority of today?s ethanol production comes from corn cultivated on land that has been in corn production for generations. ?Since little new land has come into production, either directly or indirectly, the current use of ethanol clearly reduces greenhouse gas emissions,? says Morris, who served six years on an Advisory Committee on biomass to the U.S. Departments of Energy and Agriculture. The studies fail to recognize the very low greenhouse gas emissions from advanced ethanol plants, plants that can reduce emissions by over 50 percent as compared to gasoline. Nor do the studies factor in the higher greenhouse gases that will be emitted when crude oil is extracted from unconventional sources like tar sands. A controversial part of these studies examines the indirect impacts of growing energy crops. For example, if corn acreage displaces soybeans in the U.S., the authors assume that an equal amount of soybeans will have to be grown in the rest of the world to make up for that loss in animal feed. But a byproduct of corn ethanol production is a high protein animal feed called distiller?s grains. Indeed, distiller?s grains produce more protein per acre of corn harvested than is produced from an acre of soybeans. The most contentious part of the studies may be the conclusion that when countries import less food and feed from the U.S., growing more themselves, that greenhouse gases increase. ?The conclusion is not only counterintuitive, but will undoubtedly stir up considerable opposition by farmers and advocates of local food around the world,? says Morris, who also has served as an advisor to the energy administrations of Presidents Ford, Carter, Clinton and George W. Bush. ILSR?s full report, Ethanol and Land Use Changes, is available at http://www.newrules.org/de/Ethanol-and-Land-Use.pdf. To arrange an interview with Mr. Morris, contact Brooke Gullikson at 612-379-3815. Since 1974, ILSR has worked with citizen groups, governments and private businesses in developing practices that extract the maximum value from local resources. ### Ethanol and Land Use ------ End of Forwarded Message ~ ~ ~ John Bonitz, Farm Outreach & Policy Advocate Southern Alliance for Clean Energy PO Box 1833, Pittsboro, NC 27312 Phone: 919-545-2920 Mobile: 919-360-2492 bonitz at cleanenergy.org Southern Alliance for Clean Energy promotes responsible energy choices that create global warming solutions and ensure clean, safe, and healthy communities throughout the Southeast. Learn more at http://www.cleanenergy.org. From rudolfdiesel at netzero.net Tue Feb 19 13:13:33 2008 From: rudolfdiesel at netzero.net (rudolfdiesel at netzero.net) Date: Tue, 19 Feb 2008 18:13:33 GMT Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Honda Diesel Update- A US Honda Diesel in '09? Message-ID: <20080219.131333.22911.0@webmail18.dca.untd.com> First, a quote from the CEO of Honda, Takeo Fukui; "Diesel is a more cost-effective way to boost fuel efficiency than a hybrid" and went on to explain that the cost and weight of hybrid batteries are the deciding factor in making this statement. As to the latest news, Honda is submitting a vehicle to the EPA to certify for the 2009 model year. As to what this is, be it an Accord, CR-V, Acura, no one outside of Honda knows. Another unknown is whether the vehicle will be powered by a 4 or 6 cyl, but the Conventional Wisdom is betting on a 6 cyl. due to the American consumer's demand for POWER! This vehicle is designed to meet Tier 2, Bin 5 and Honda will be shooting for meeting Bin 2 (SULEV-Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle) at a later date. Technologies that are incorporated in this design include individual cylinder pressure sensing to effect closed loop combustion control, a compound lean Nox trap that will produce it's own ammonia supply on-board (Similar to the current Mercedes Blu-Tech system)and, to minimize "engine out" NOx, a proprietary HCCI system using EGR rates of up to 80%!! Get used to these kinds of EGR flow rates- they are what is needed to reduce NOx to the extremely low levels required by current regulation. Problem is, as was noted by Honda engineers, this degree of in cylinder cooling carries a heavy cost in efficiency. So the problem facing Honda's Diesel (as well as all Diesels) is maintaining a cost/efficiency edge over gasoline when so much is lost in keeping the tailpipe clean! Remember-Wake Tech Bio-Diesel Workshop next week!! Tuesday-Wednesday 9-4 www.waketech.com click on Continuinf Education Courses Regards; Rich Cregar _____________________________________________________________ Click here to find the satellite television package that meets your needs. http://thirdpartyoffers.netzero.net/TGL2221/fc/Ioyw6i4tvKJaWpCk1bZ0QbKiFgVheNrEWtUXIPcOF75bcdRWmggOuW/ From mattr at biofuels.coop Tue Feb 19 16:38:47 2008 From: mattr at biofuels.coop (Matthew Rudolf) Date: Tue, 19 Feb 2008 16:38:47 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] $100 barrel Message-ID: Crude Oil Rises to a Record $100.10 on OPEC Production Outlook By Mark Shenk Feb. 19 (Bloomberg) -- Crude oil rose to a record $100.10 a barrel in New York on speculation OPEC will cut production when it meets next month. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, set to meet on March 5, may cut output as winter heating demand wanes, oil ministers from Algeria and Iran said in the past week. Oil also rose after the U.S. dollar fell against the euro, enhancing the appeal of commodities as an inflation hedge. Platinum, soybeans, gasoline and heating oil also reached records today. ``Prices are primarily up because OPEC will more than likely cut production in two weeks,'' said Richard Chimblo, manager of global business development at Calgary-based Genoil Inc. ``OPEC is concerned about the outlook for a slowing global economy and demand.'' Crude oil for March delivery rose $4.51, or 4.7 percent, to settle at $100.01 a barrel at 2:55 p.m. on the New York Mercantile Exchange. It was a record closing price. Futures reached $100.10, the highest intraday price since trading began in 1983. Brent crude for April settlement rose $3.65, or 3.9 percent, to $98.56 a barrel on London's ICE Futures Europe exchange. The contract reached a record $98.70 a barrel today. Investors have pushed prices higher in the past six years as they put money into energy because returns outpaced those of other markets. Hedge-fund managers and other large speculators increased bets on higher oil prices in the week ended Feb. 12, a report from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission showed. `Full Steam Ahead' ``There's been a big flow of capital into the commodity markets, especially energy, over the last 8 to 10 days,'' said Gene McGillian, an analyst at TFS Energy LLC in Stamford, Connecticut. ``The energy markets should be full steam ahead.'' Gasoline surged after an explosion yesterday shut Alon USA Energy Inc.'s Big Spring, Texas, refinery. The facility can process 70,000 barrels of crude oil a day. Alon said in a statement that its goal is to resume partial operations in about two months. ``The refinery explosion at Big Spring is a major concern,'' McGillian said. ``The refinery will be out of service for months. The reaction to the shutdown of such a small refinery shows how nervous people are.'' Gasoline for March delivery climbed 10.93 cents, or 4.4 percent, to close at a record $2.6031 a gallon in New York. Futures touched $2.61, a record intraday price. The contract, which covers gasoline to be blended with ethanol, known as RBOB, began trading in October 2005. Heating oil for March delivery rose 11.45 cents, or 4.4 percent, to $2.7614 a gallon in New York, a record close. Futures reached $2.766, the highest intraday price since trading began in 1978. To contact the reporters on this story: Mark Shenk in New York at mshenk1 at bloomberg.net . Last Updated: February 19, 2008 15:37 EST Print Terms of Service | Privacy Policy | Trademarks From mattr at biofuels.coop Thu Feb 21 23:35:08 2008 From: mattr at biofuels.coop (Matthew Rudolf) Date: Thu, 21 Feb 2008 23:35:08 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Fwd: Chatham Chatlist #3050 References: <20080222041220.A8EFD2EB0015@mail.emji.net> Message-ID: <0352A6C9-2582-4ABF-9EFD-705C8409E359@biofuels.coop> Begin forwarded message: > Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2008 11:23:30 -0500 > From: "Glenn Woolard" glenn_woolard at ncsu.edu > Subject: Biomass, Bio-char, Cellulosic Ethanol and Carbon Trading > Forestry Workshop --- Thursday --- March 6, 2008 --- 7:00 to 9:00 > pm --- Pittsboro > > A Biomass, Bio-char, Cellulosic Ethanol, Carbon Trading Forestry > Workshop > will be held on Thursday, March 6, at 7:00 pm. It will be held in the > auditorium downstairs in the County Agriculture Building in > Pittsboro. The > workshop is being conducted by the Chatham County Center of the North > Carolina Cooperative Extension Service and Extension Forestry at North > Carolina State University. > > > > The workshop will have two parts. Part one will be on new and > emerging > alternative energy markets for timber for Chatham County forests. > This > includes biomass, bio-char, and cellulosic ethanol. Part two will > be on > carbon trading. Dennis Hazel, Extension Forestry Specialist; > Christopher > Hopkins, Extension Forestry Research Associate; and Mark Megalos, > Extension > Forestry Specialist, from North Carolina State University will be the > presenters. > > > > > > Part One - The biomass presentation will address the following > questions. > Why is there such a surge of interest in renewable energy? What is > "biomass > energy" and why is there particular interest in North Carolina? > What kinds > of uses are there for biomass-based energy? What will markets for > biomass > energy, including wood, mean for North Carolina forest landowners? > Should > we be looking at wind and solar instead of wood for energy? Will > biomass > energy be good for the environment or will it harm it? > > > > Bio-char is biomass that has undergone heat treatment (pyrolysis) > and has > had significant changes to its chemical properties. When bio-char > is added > to soil it can dramatically increase crop production and improve soil > properties. Small amounts of bio-char (8 tonnes carbon/ha) improve > overall > fertility (20-80% increase in yield) compared to controls. The > addition of > bio-char to soils, plus their increased growth on those soils could > lead to > bio-char being a method to sequester large amounts of carbon on > very large > scales in a relatively short time period. Several technologies are > being > developed regionally to exploit the energy/fertilizer/carbon > sequestration > benefits of bio-char. > > > > Part Two -- The carbon trading presentation will address the following > questions. What is carbon trading? Is there a Federal policy > which limits > CO2 emissions? Can local timber owners make money in carbon > trading? What > are the current carbon trading highlights, procedures and costs? > > > > The registration fee is $5.00. This includes the workshop materials, > advertising, and refreshments. Participants may pay in advance or > at the > door. Please call Cooperative Extension at (919) 542-8202 to pre- > register. > This will insure that we have enough snacks and workshop materials. > Make > checks payable to: Chatham County Cooperative Extension. Mail to: > Cooperative Extension, PO Box 279, Pittsboro, NC 27312-0279. > > > > You can also register at the Chatham County Extension Center at the > County > Agriculture Building in Pittsboro. Office hours are Monday-Friday > 8 a.m. to > 5 p.m. > > > > For more details, call Glenn Woolard, County Extension Director, at > (919) > 542-8202, email to glenn_woolard at ncsu.edu or visit our web site at > http://chatham.ces.ncsu.edu/ > > > > Employment and program opportunities are offered to all people > regardless of > race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability. > > > > > > > > Glenn E. Woolard > > County Extension Director > NC State University > NC Cooperative Extension, Chatham Co. Center > email: glenn_woolard at ncsu.edu > PO Box 279 > Pittsboro, NC 27312 > tel: 919-542-8202; fax: 919-542-8246 > http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/chatham/ BLOCKED::http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/ > chatham/ > > > > > From wrenchwench at blast.com Fri Feb 22 08:34:56 2008 From: wrenchwench at blast.com (Rachel Burton) Date: Fri, 22 Feb 2008 08:34:56 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Biomass, Bio-char, Cellulosic Ethanol and Carbon Trading Forestry Workshop --- Thursday --- March 6, 2008 --- 7:00 to 9:00 pm --- Pittsboro Message-ID: <84A63C56-CD9A-4A51-80FE-9B1B15A0DD55@blast.com> Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2008 11:23:30 -0500 From: "Glenn Woolard" glenn_woolard at ncsu.edu Subject: Biomass, Bio-char, Cellulosic Ethanol and Carbon Trading Forestry Workshop --- Thursday --- March 6, 2008 --- 7:00 to 9:00 pm --- Pittsboro A Biomass, Bio-char, Cellulosic Ethanol, Carbon Trading Forestry Workshop will be held on Thursday, March 6, at 7:00 pm. It will be held in the auditorium downstairs in the County Agriculture Building in Pittsboro. The workshop is being conducted by the Chatham County Center of the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service and Extension Forestry at North Carolina State University. The workshop will have two parts. Part one will be on new and emerging alternative energy markets for timber for Chatham County forests. This includes biomass, bio-char, and cellulosic ethanol. Part two will be on carbon trading. Dennis Hazel, Extension Forestry Specialist; Christopher Hopkins, Extension Forestry Research Associate; and Mark Megalos, Extension Forestry Specialist, from North Carolina State University will be the presenters. Part One - The biomass presentation will address the following questions. Why is there such a surge of interest in renewable energy? What is "biomass energy" and why is there particular interest in North Carolina? What kinds of uses are there for biomass-based energy? What will markets for biomass energy, including wood, mean for North Carolina forest landowners? Should we be looking at wind and solar instead of wood for energy? Will biomass energy be good for the environment or will it harm it? Bio-char is biomass that has undergone heat treatment (pyrolysis) and has had significant changes to its chemical properties. When bio-char is added to soil it can dramatically increase crop production and improve soil properties. Small amounts of bio-char (8 tonnes carbon/ha) improve overall fertility (20-80% increase in yield) compared to controls. The addition of bio-char to soils, plus their increased growth on those soils could lead to bio-char being a method to sequester large amounts of carbon on very large scales in a relatively short time period. Several technologies are being developed regionally to exploit the energy/fertilizer/carbon sequestration benefits of bio-char. Part Two -- The carbon trading presentation will address the following questions. What is carbon trading? Is there a Federal policy which limits CO2 emissions? Can local timber owners make money in carbon trading? What are the current carbon trading highlights, procedures and costs? The registration fee is $5.00. This includes the workshop materials, advertising, and refreshments. Participants may pay in advance or at the door. Please call Cooperative Extension at (919) 542-8202 to pre- register. This will insure that we have enough snacks and workshop materials. Make checks payable to: Chatham County Cooperative Extension. Mail to: Cooperative Extension, PO Box 279, Pittsboro, NC 27312-0279. You can also register at the Chatham County Extension Center at the County Agriculture Building in Pittsboro. Office hours are Monday-Friday 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. For more details, call Glenn Woolard, County Extension Director, at (919) 542-8202, email to glenn_woolard at ncsu.edu or visit our web site at http://chatham.ces.ncsu.edu/ Employment and program opportunities are offered to all people regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability. From wrenchwench at blast.com Fri Feb 22 08:43:43 2008 From: wrenchwench at blast.com (Rachel Burton) Date: Fri, 22 Feb 2008 08:43:43 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] BIO Says Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects Will Move Forward Advanced Biofuel Technology, Benefit Climate Message-ID: http://www.centredaily.com/business/technology/story/418886.html From wrenchwench at blast.com Fri Feb 22 08:45:03 2008 From: wrenchwench at blast.com (Rachel Burton) Date: Fri, 22 Feb 2008 08:45:03 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] This Biodiesel Plan's a Spicy One! Message-ID: http://blogs.edmunds.com/GreenCarAdvisor/251 From markj.ambrose at gmail.com Fri Feb 22 16:32:49 2008 From: markj.ambrose at gmail.com (Mark J. Ambrose) Date: Fri, 22 Feb 2008 16:32:49 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] NC Biofuels Loans/Grants In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <47BF3F81.8070207@gmail.com> >>> "Norman Smit" 2/21/2008 2:36 PM >>> The Biofuels Center of North Carolina is offering loans and grants to develop a sustainable biofuels industry (bio-diesel, bio-ethanol, and other biofuels) in North Carolina. Proposals are sought in the following broad areas: ? Industrial Production: New opportunities - both technologies and installations - for the profitable production of biofuels throughout North Carolina. ? Agriculture: Renewable crops or feedstocks to meet the production needs of North Carolina?s liquid fuels consumption. ? Innovation/Research: Supporting North Carolina-based research, development, and application of technology related to the biofuels value chain. ? Workforce Development: The development of a vibrant and productive work force to support all aspects of the biofuels industry statewide. The deadline for applicants to submit a proposal is March 17, 2008. In this cycle, grants will not exceed $200,000 and loans $250,000. Guidelines and forms can be downloaded from the Biofuels Center?s website at www.biofuelscenter.org Click on Capacity Building Program. The newly-established Biofuels Center of North Carolina, funded with a $5 million initial appropriation from the 2007 General Assembly, is a private, nonprofit corporation headquartered on the North Carolina Biofuels Campus in Oxford. The long-term task of the center is to catalyze a new biofuels industry for North Carolina and to implement North Carolina's Strategic Plan for Biofuels Leadership. Contact information for queries about the Biofuels Capacity Building Program: grants at biofuelscenter.org 919-693-3000 For media inquiries: Norman Smit ? Marketing & Communications Director nsmit at biofuelscenter.org Cell ? 919-339-3509 Direct ? 919-693-6057 (Note ? the area code may be needed even if dialing from another 919 area code) > From john.bonitz at gmail.com Fri Feb 29 16:04:59 2008 From: john.bonitz at gmail.com (John Bonitz) Date: Fri, 29 Feb 2008 16:04:59 -0500 Subject: [Biofuels_Interest_Group] Any atmospheric chemists out there? Message-ID: <84a57a420802291304q4eb8b9abg9978ad693cccb781@mail.gmail.com> I have a simple question I'd like to ask of an atmospheric chemist. If there are any on the BIG list, I'd appreciate you dropping me a line. -- John Bonitz Silk Hope, NC ~~~~~~~~~~~~~